Senescent Cells: Dual Implications on the Retinal Vascular System

Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, triggers series gradual alterations structure, metabolism, function, as well inflammatory gene expression that nurtures low-grade proinflammatory milieu human tissue. A growing body evidence indicates an accumulation senescent neurons blood vessels stress aging the retina. Prolonged cells long-term activation signaling responses may lead multiple chronic diseases, tissue dysfunction, age-related pathologies by exposing neighboring heightened pathological senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, ultimate impacts cellular senescence on retinal vasculopathies vascular development remain ill-defined. In this review, we first summarize molecular players fundamental mechanisms driving beneficial implications vital physiological processes such embryogenesis, wound healing, regeneration. Then, dual growth, hemostasis, remodeling are described document how contribute both severity proliferative retinopathies. Finally, discuss two main senotherapeutic strategies—senolytics senomorphics—that being considered safely interfere with detrimental effects senescence.